hochhausen



(No Model.)

W. HOGHHAUSEN.

3 Sheets'-Sheet 1.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP. No. 311,073.

Patented Jan. 20, 1885.

HIIH N T441 04 es s e s.

N. pnzn s. Fholo-Lflhogmpher. Washington, 0. c.

3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

W. HOCHHAUSEN. ELECTRIC. ARC LAMP.

No.311,073. 4 PatentedJan.20,1885.

3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

W. HOOHHAUSEN.

ELECTRIC ARC L AMP.

No. 311,073. Patented Jan. 20, 1885.

Jay 7 VV Y N, PETERS. Pnemumu n m, Washinglcn. D. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT @EETQE.

VILLIAM HOCHHAUSEN, OF NEXV YQBK, 1?. Y.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAM P.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 311,078, dated January20, 1835.

Application filed December 13, 1883. (X0 model.)

To all 1071 0171, it uuty concern Be it known that 1, War. HocnrmUsEN, acitizen of the United States, and a resident of New York, in the countyof New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Electric Arc Lamps, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates to the general construction and arrangement of thedevices for producing a separation and feed of the carbons inelectric-are lamps, and is designed more especially to provide afocusing are lamp suitable for locomotive headlights.

My invention consists in certain improvements in the mechanical devicessupporting and actuating the carboncarriers, and in the arrangement ofmagnets, motors, circuits, &c., whereby the proper movements of thecarboncarrier are secured.

The nature of my invention will be clearly understood from the subjoineddescription, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, forminga part of this specification, and the novel features of the inventionwillbe specifically stated in the claims annexed.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is an elevation of a lampembodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a side view of the lamp. Fig. 3 is aplan of the lamp mechanism, the shafts, carbon-carriers, and other partsabove theline 0c 00, Fig. 1, being removed. Fig. 4c is a plan of theupper-carbon holder and the guide-plate by which it is supported. Fig.4. is a crosssection 011 the line y y of Fig. 4. plan of thelower-carbon holder and its supporting parts. Fig. 6 is a plan of a nutthat engages with a revolving screw and serves to move the carbon-holderup and down. Fig. 7 is a diagram of circuits, showing the manner inwhich the parts are electrically connected.

H indicates the positive and H the negative carbon of the lamp, held,respectively, in clamps or holders G G that are constructed as shown inplan in Figs. 4 and 5, where p 1) indicate the sockets or openings forthe carbons. The sockets G G2 are upon the ends of arms projecting fromplates or supports E E-, which are made to travel up and down upon guidestandards or pillars F F and M M by means of screws B B and nutsattached to said supports and engaging with the screws. When the screwsturn in one direction, the carbons are caused to approach, and when theyFig. 5 is aare turned in the opposite direction the earbons are causedto recede from, one another.

B indicate shafts or spindles, upon which or extensions of which thescrews B B" are formed. Shaft B forms an extension of the armature foran electric motor or the shaft of any other prime mover, by which saidshaft may be made to turn in either direction. At tached to said shaftis a wheel or pinion, O, gearing with a second wheel or pinion, C ofhalf the circumference, upon shaft-B so that the nut upon screw B, whichnut imparts movement to the positive carbon, maybe made to move twice orapproximately twice as fast as the nut upon screw B which imparts movement to the negative carbon. The wheels or pinions are insulated fromthe shafts by sleeves or bushings of insulating material.

The construction and method of operating the electric motor will bedescribed further.

The mounting and arrangement of the parts so far described are in detailas follows:

The pillars F F are of brass or other suitable material, preferably aconducting material, and are mounted directly in a conductingplate, 1?,which is in turn secured upon standards or frames S, supported on abase-plate, A Plate P is preferably insulated from standards S, althoughthis is not essential, and the pillars F F screw into said plate, or areotherwise secured to the same. The plate P and therefore the pillars FF-', are put in elec trical connection with the positive side of themain line by means ofa binding-post, h, mounted on said plate, or by anyother means. Shaft B is journaled at one end at b in aeross-pieceuniting the pillars F F, and at the other end in a cup, I), upon plate PThe pillars M M which are put in connection wit-l1 the negative side ofthe lamp by any suitable means, are mounted 011 a plate, P insulatedfrom the plate I, as indicated. Secured to the top of the latterpillars, but insulated therefrom, is a plate, F", provided withopenings, in which pillars F F fit snugly, so that all the pillars areunited and braced by one another. The upper end of the shaft B, whichimparts movement to the negative carbon holder,has a bearing at itsupper end in a plate, If, secured to the under side of plate F andinsulated therefrom, so as to be out of electrical connec tion with thepillars F F The lower end of the shaft B is seated at b-on thebase-plate A. The plate F, besides staying the pillars and forming asupport for the upper end of shaft 13. also forms a guide for theelongated pins E E, projecting, respectively, from the plates E E", andextending through openings in F, said openings being provided withinsulatingbushings, or the pins themselves being of in sulatingmaterial, so as to prevent the plate F from electrically connecting theplates or supports E E The pins E E serve to steady the plates E E asthey slide on the pillars, and thus prevent them from binding.

At D D are indicated nuts connected with or mounted upon the plates orsupports E E and arranged to engage, respectively, with the screws 1313*, in such way that when shaft B turns in one direction the supports EE will approach, and when the shaft B turns in the other direction theywill recede. I

The nuts are made, as shown in Fig. 6, so that they may be disengagedfrom the screws at pleasure to permit the plates E E to be quicklyreturned to their extreme positions when new carbons are placed in theirsockets. Each nut is made in two parts, D D, united on a pin, f,attached to the plate E or E One part, D, carries a pivoted orswingingpiece, D provided with a clamping-screw adapted to bear againstthe end of D when the two parts are brought together.

To-disengage the nut from the screw-shaft, the bindingscrew is loosenedand the piece D swung outward, whereupon the two parts D D may be openedby turning on their pin f. The spring D serves to hold the piece D inposition with the part D", locked by the bindingscrews, as shown in Fig.4.

The arms which carry the holders G G are made adjustable, so as topermit the carbons to be brought into line or to be set out of line, asmay be desired. For this purpose the plate to which the arm is united,is provided with slots, through which pass the clamping-screws g". Theplates 9' slide on the plates E or 13 ,01- extensions from thelatter,and the clampingscrews screw into the latter plates and hold theparts together, as indicated in Fig. at.

A indicates the armature for an electric motor of any desired kind. Thisarmature is mounted in any ordinary or suitable manner upon the shaft13, so as to turn the same when the armature rotates. wound after themanner of the armature of a Gramme dynaino-electric machine or motor.

A indicates one of the commutator-brushes of the motor, and A, Fig. 7,the other commutator-brush. These brushes are both indicated in Fig. 7as bearing on the commutator-cylinder enlarged.

A A indicate the curved pole-pieces between which the armature rotates.These pole-pieces form extensions of the cores of electro-magnets AAflwhich magnets are preferably united by a cross-piece, A of anysuitable material, to brace the parts. The cross-piece may be ofmagnetic material, in which case the pole-pieces form the poles of ahorseshoe-magnet having acoil upon each of The armature may be its legs.The magnets are supported by sccuring' the pole-pieces to the crossbarof a frame, the standards of which are indicated at K".

The direction of rotation of the motor is governed by causing thecurrent to flow in one direction or the other through the armature,according as the carbons are to be brought together or to be separated.This may be accomplished by the means to be presently described, orbyany other suitable devices.

Upon the armatureshal't is a brake-wheel consisting of a disk, a, havingprojecting pins, with which a pin upon the end of an arm, a, is made toengage whenever the current ceases to flow through the motor-armature.The arm a extends from the rock-shaft of an an mature acted upon by anelectro-magnet, a, mounted on the pole piece A The rock shaft for thearmature is mounted on brackets secured, as indicated, to a non-magneticplate uniting the pole-pieces A A, and to the under side of the frame towhich the polepieces are secured. So long as the magnet to is energizedit attracts the armature and holds the brake pin out of engagement withthe brake disk or wheel against the action of the spring a, Fig. 3. Whenthe attraction of the magnet diminishes or ceases, the spring aimmediately brings the parts of the brake into engagement and stops therotation of the armatureshaft, thus preventing movement of the latterafter the current ceases to fiow in the motor-armature.

The desired operation of the motor and of the brake is controlled by anelectro-magnet, O, in a derived circuit of high resistance around theare, acting upon an armature, M, pivoted in brackets extending from aplate, L, of insulating material,that rests upon the baseplate AArmature ll is provided with a downwardly-extending circuitclosing arm,M, which works against a double-contact lever, N, which is alsomountcdin brackets extending from plate L and has two insulatedcontact-points, m a, one of which is placed in electrical connectionwith commutator-brush A, while the other is connected by wire 9 with theother commutator-brush, A". A retractor acting upon N against the pullof magnet 0 isindicated at 2'. This retractor may be adjusted by meansof a turning-pin, h. The branch wire 6 includes the coils of themotormagnet A; the branch wire 9 includes the coils of motorma-gnet AThe branches 6 9 unite at t in a wire, 5, which forms one pole of acircuit, in which the circuit-closing arm M is the other pole. As willbe seen, the armature of the motor is in a bridge-wire uniting the twobranches 6 9, so that a proper excess of current or potential in onebranch over that in the other will cause current to flow in adeterminate direction through the armature, and in an amount dependentupon the resistance of coils A or A which, as arranged, act asdiverting-coils. If, for instance, the our- IOO rent in the portion ofbranch 6 connected to m be greater than in Qanda, orifcurrcnt flow in 6while no current is flowingin 9, the cur rent will divide at f, and oneportion will pass from f through the motor-armature to f, and thencethrough A to if. The other portion will pass from f through A to t, andthe motor will turn in a certain direction, which in the presentarrangement is a direc tion to cause the carbons to approach. It thepotential on 9 be the greater, the current will divide at f andoneportion will pass through the motor-armature in a reverse directionto f and through coils of A to a point, t. The other portion will passthrough A to the point t, and the motor will turn in the oppositedirection, so as to cause the carbon points to re cede. If the currentin both branches 6 9 be the same, no current will pass in the bridgefromf to f, orin the opposite direction, and the motor-armature willcome to rest. The

magnet a controlling the brake, is also in this bridge-wire, so that thebrake will be applied while this condition obtains. \Vhile thearm M isbearing with equal pressure against both points mm the flow of currentinbothbranches is the same, and there will be no movement of the electricmotor. If, however, the attraction of magnet 0 increases, the pressureon m will diminish, and if the attraction of 0 be strong enough thecontact with or will be broken. The contact with n will, however, bepreserved, with the result of causing more current to how in 9 than in6. If the attraction of O diminish so far as to permit the retraetor ofN to act and break or lessen the contact at a, while preserving thecontact at hi, there will be a greater potential in 6 than in 9 at thepoints f" f, where the bridgewire is connected, and current willtherefore flow through said bridgewire from the branch having highpotential to the branch having lower potential, and in a direction tocause the motor to revolve in a certain direction. The differences ofpotential thus produced may be, as is obvious, due simply to diiferencesof pressure, and consequent resistance at the points in n, or they maybe due to the absolute breaking of con tact at one point while contactis preserved at the other. The retractor t is so adjusted that with anarc of normal length there is a balance between its pull and the pull ofmagnet 0, so that the circuit-closing arm M will bear against bothcontacts at 72, and there will be no tendency for the current to flow ineither direction through the bridge-wire containing the motor-armature.

In connection with the armature Bi and the circuit-closing devices, Iemploy an anxiliary device that serves, when the lamp is out of action,to hold the lever N in such position that contact will be made withpoint a and broken with 112, so that if the carbons are out of contactat starting the motor will immediately begin to rotate in a direction tobring the carbons together. This device consists of lever L, pivoted atf, and having a stud, g, thatis made to bear on the armature M, and thushold the armature in the position shown in Fig. 7, by means of theretract-- or d, for an armature lever, 11, which latter is pivoted on apost, 1 and is connected with lever L by a link, 0. (See Figs. 1 and 2.)

I indicates an clectro-magnet of low resistance, that acts upon thearmature when the circuit is established through the carbons,

and pulls the lever L away from the arinature M. The positivebinding-post It forms a back contact-stop for the armaturedever K.

The various parts hereinbefore described are connected by the usualdevices of binding posts or clamps and connectirig-wires, after themanner shown in the diagram Fig. 7. Entering at binding post ii, thereare two paths provided for the main circuit, one through carbons ll Hwhen they are in contact or the are is formed through the coils ofmagnet l, to a point, 25, the other from 71, through armature K when theelectro magnet i is not energized, artificial resistance R to point 25.Resistance R is made sufficient to insure the energization of magnet Iwhen the carbons come together. From connection is made tocircuit-closing arm 3 from which point there are two paths for thecurrent, one or both of which are closed, according to the position ofthe arm 3, as before explained. The one path is through a 9 tof, wherethe current divides through A on the one side and a, A", A, A", and A"011 the other, reuniting at i, from which point a connection is made tothe main line on the negative side of the lamp. The other path isthrough or (5 to f 9, where the current splits, passing on the one sidethrough A" and on the other through A" A A (6 f A and to t, as before.The elcctro magnet O is in a derived circuit of high resistance aroundthe are, as usual, which circuit is indicated by the line marked 7.

The general operationis as follows: Letitbe supposed that there is nocurrent on the main line and that the carbons H H are out of contact.Lever L is then forced against M by retractor d and armature K, and thelatter is against its stop 71.. The circuit through the lamp is then asfollows: From 72. through K 1 R 5 M a flf thence either through a" A A A3 25 and out, or through A direct to t and out. \Vhen the current isturned on, none passes through the carbons and magnet I, because thecarbons are out of contact, and therefore lever L maintains its positionso as to hold the arm M in contact with point a only. The current thenpasses in the coursejust de tailed, and in a direction through thebridge wire and armature, to cause the shaft A to lo tate, so as toraise the lower plate, 13, and lower carbon, the magnet a" acting at theinstant the current flows to withdraw the brake or stop from engagementwith the brake-wheel a. The movement of shaft A imparts through wheels 0G a reverse movement to shaft B and the upper plate and carbon aresimulta- IlO neously lowered. The movement of the 1110- tor in thisdirection continues until the carbons come into contact, whereupon themagnet I is energized and draws down the armature K against the force ofits retractor d, and holds it in this position so long as current flowsthrough the carbons. The connection through the resistance R is thusbroken, and the lever L is also operated so as to relieve the armature Mfrom the pressure of said 1e- Ver, and as there is now but littlecurrent flowing inthe magnet O, owing to the comparatively-smallresistance of the circuit through the carbons, &c., the retractor t actson N and swings the same, so that it rocks on contactarm M and for aninstant forms the connection between M and both points in it, followedinstantly by a breaking of the contact with n, the contact with on beingpreserved. The effect of making contact with both points ma is, asbefore explained, to cause a cessation of current in the bridge-wire,and therefore a stoppage of the motor and application of the brake.XVhen the contact with a is broken, the current flows in the otherdirection through the bridge-wire, and simultaneously with thewithdrawal of the brake-lever a the motor begins to revolve in the otherdirection, so as to cause a reverse movement of the two shafts B B and aconsequent movement of the two plates or supports E E in a direction toseparate the carbons and form the are. This movement of the motorcontinues until the separation reaches the normal 01' adjusted amount,at which timesuflicient current is forced into the derived circuit toenergize the magnet 0, so that it may move the arm M against theinfluence of the retractor i, and cause contact to be made with bothpoints at n. The motor is thus brought to rest, as before explained. Themagnet 0 holds the arm M in this position so long as the arc is of theadjusted length; but when by consumption of the carbons the arclengthens the magnet O acquires more power and gradually pulls the arm Mover until contact is broken or lessened with at, so that the motor willrotate in a direction to feed the carbons toward one another. Themovement in this direction continues until the arc is reduced to itsnormal length, when the balance bet-ween the pull of magnet 0 and theretractor i is established, and the arm makes connection with bothcontacts, so that the motor comes to rest and remains at rest until thebalance is again disturbed.

Modifications will readily suggest themselves to those skilled in theart.

I do not limit myself to the running of the motor by thelighting-current, as itis obvious that the motor might be operated by acurrent from any source, the connections being controlled,as hereindescribed, by the circuitclosing devices operating in accordance withthe condition of the circuit between the carbons.

Other forms of motor might also be employed for imparting the desiredmovement to the shafts B B 4 I am aware that it is not new to adjust theposition of a carbon in an electric lamp by means of an electric motorand a screw-shaft, and to automaticallydetermine the direction ofmovement of the carbon by determining the direction of flow of currentin the motor. I do not therefore wish to be understood as claiming sucha combination, broadly.

That I claim as my invention is 1. The combination, substantially asdescribed, of the two screw-shafts, each carrying a nut for supportingor actuatinga carbon, an electric-motor armature carried by one of saidshafts, and two wheels gearing with one another, the wheel on one shafthaving twice the circumference of that upon the other.

2. The combination of the shafts B B, the two pairs of standards, eachhaving a crosspiece for the support ofa shaft, and the guideplates E E-,each carryinga nut and a carbonholder.

3. The combination of the two pairs of standards, the cross-pieces F b,the shafts l3 l3, pinions C C, and the electric motor having an armaturemounted on one of the shafts B B'.

4. The combination of the pillars F F M M, the insulated uniting plate Ethe sliding plates E Eflfor carrying the carbons, and the guide-pins EE,as and for the purpose described.

5. The combination of the two pairs of pillars, the u niting-plate F,the two screw-shafts, one of which is stepped in a cross-piece for onepair of pillars, the other in the plate F, the supporting-plates for thecarbon-carriers, carrying nuts that engage with the screwshafts, and theguide pins E" E, passing through the plate F", as and for the purposedescribed.

6. The combination, substantially as described, of the two shafts B B,connected, respectivel y, with the positive and negative carbons, andthe wheels or pinions upon said shafts gearing with one another, and oneor both separated from the shafts by sleeves of insulating material.

7. The combination, with the screwshaft, of a support for the carbon,and the nut con structed in two portions swinging on a pin, and havingupon one portion a pivoted clamping or connecting piece, D, as and forthe purpose described.

8. In an electric lamp, the combination of two guiding pillars orstandards forming a portion of the circuit, a sliding plate orcrosspiece sliding on said standards, and a horizontally-adjustablecarbon-holder supported on said plate, as and for the purpose described.

9. The combination of the two sliding plates or supports E E, the twocarbon-holders supported thereby, and the horizontally-adjustable armscarrying the holders and sliding in and out upon the plates.

10. The combination of the plate E or E,

the two pillars F F or ill M', the horizontally projecting adjustablearm carrying the hold er, the screw-shaft passing through the plate, andthe nut supported by the plate and made in two parts pivoted on a pinprojecting from said plate.

11. The combination, in an electric lamp, of the screw-shaft B, carryinga nut for moving the carbon up or down, an electric motor whose armatureis supported on said sh aft, and a magnet in a higlrresistance brancharound the carbons, for reversing the direction of the current in saidarmature, according to the con dition of the circuit between thecarbons.

12. The combination of the scrcwshaft, the nut upon said shaft forimparting movement to the holder, the electric-motor armature in abridge between two branch wires, and a double contact circuit-closeri'or admitting current to one or both branches, in accordance with thecondition of the carbon circuit.

13. The combination, with the carbon-carrier in an electric-arc lamp, ofan electric motor for imparting movement thereto, having its armatureplaced in a bridge-wire between two branches, a doublecont-actcircuitcloser, whereby the circuit of either or both branches may beclosed, and an electromagnet in a derived circuit around the carbons forcontrolling said circuit-closer, as and for the purpose described.

14. The combination, with mechanism in an electric lamp for impartingthe desired feed ing and separating movement to the carboncarrier, of anelectric motor actuating said mechanism, a bibranched circuit, abrakecontrolling electro -magnet in a bridgewire between said branches,and a double-contact circuit-closer for closing the circuit of onebranch,or of both together, as and for thepurpose described.

15. The combination, with the feeding and separating mechanism for anelectric lamp, of an actuating electric motor, a bibranched circuit,each branch of which contains the coils of one of the field-magnets forthe motor, a bridge-wire containing the armature for the motor, andmeans for varying the potential of the current in the two branches, asand for the purpose described.

16. The combination, with feeding and separating mechanism for a carbonof an electric lamp, of an actuating electric motor, a bi branchedcircuit, each branch of which coir tains one of the motor field-magnetcoils, a bridge-wire containing the armature of the motor, a brakee-lectro-magnet in said bridgewire, which permits a brake to be appliedto the motor when the current in the bridgewire ceases or weakens, andmeans for admitting current to both branches while the are is of normallength, and of causing a decrease in one branch or the other, accordingas the resistance between the carbons is above or below normal, as andfor the purpose set forth.

1?. The combination of the carbon separating and feeding mechanism, anelectric motor for actuating said mechanism, circuit-com trollingdevices whereby the feeding and separating movement of the motor iscontrolled, mechanism tending,when no current is passing through thecarbons, to hold the circuit-controlling devices in position to causethe motor to feed the carbons, and an electro-magnct in the carboncircuit for disengaging and holding said mechanism out of action, forthe purpose described.

18. The combination, in an electric lamp, of an electric motor forfeeding or separating the carbons, a circuitcontroller for determiningthe movements of the motor, a derived-circuit electrohiagnet acting onthe circuit-controller, devices for holding the circuit controller inposition to cause a feed of the carbon or carbons when no current isilowing through the carbons, and an electro-magnet energized when thecarbons come together for withdrawing and holding said devices away fromthe circuit-controller, whereby the retractor of the latter may bepermitted to act and throw the circuit-controller into position to causeaseparation ot' the carbons.

1?). The combination, with the electric mo tor by which the carbons arecaused to approach or recede from one another, of the circuitcontrollinglever, the derived circuit magnet 0, a lever, L, adapted to bear on thecircuitcontrollinglever, an armature, K, connected with said lever L,and a magnet, I, in circuit with the carbons, as and for the purposedescribed.

20. The combination of the magnet I in circuit with the carbons, thearmature K, nor mally closing a circuit independent of the carbons andmagnet I, an electric motor for governing the position of the carbons, acircnitcontroller and derived-circuit magnet,and intermediatedevicesbetween the circuit controller and the armature K, whereby the re t'actor for the latter may hold he circuitcontrolier in position to causethe motor to force the carbons together when no current is passingbetween them.

21. The combination, with the actuating mechanism for an electrioarclamp, of an electric motor, a bibranched circuit, each branch containinga resistance, a bridge-wire connecting said branches and containing themotor, and means for admitting current to one branch or the other,according to the distance between the electrodes of the lamp, wherebythe motor may be caused to move in proper direction to lengthen orshorten the are.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York,this 26th day of September, A. D. 1883.

\VILLIAM HOOHHAUSEN.

Vfitnesscs:

Tiros. Toonny, M. Iii. Fnrnun.

